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1.
Medwave ; 18(1): e7148, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908959

ABSTRACT

La intervención breve en salud es una estrategia terapéutica, sugerida para abordar cambios conductuales asociados a factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Existe amplia evidencia sobre su efectividad. Sin embargo, esta evidencia se sustenta en distintas definiciones de intervención breve, lo que dificulta su aplicación clínica. Este artículo de revisión de literatura, se propuso realizar una búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas en la base de datos Epistemonikos con el fin de identificar factores comunes en su definición y resumir algunas estrategias de intervención breve usadas con frecuencia en la atención primaria de salud. Asimismo, se busca describir su efectividad en este contexto clínico, para tres factores de riesgo: tabaco, alcohol y actividad física.


The brief intervention is a therapeutic strategy suggested to address behavioral changes associated with risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases and there is ample evidence of its effectiveness. However, this evidence is sustained by various definitions of "brief intervention", a fact that makes the clinical application of this strategy difficult. This literature review article aimed to conduct a search for systematic reviews in the Epistemonikos database in order to identify common factors in the definition of "brief intervention" and summarize some brief intervention strategies frequently used in primary health care. It also seeks to describe their effectiveness, for three risk factors: tobacco, alcohol and physical activity, within this clinical context


Subject(s)
Humans , Behavior Therapy/methods , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Smoking Prevention/methods , Primary Health Care/methods , Exercise/psychology , Smoking/therapy , Risk Factors , Databases, Factual
3.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 33(3): 225-229, set. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899686

ABSTRACT

Resumen La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, ocasionada principalmente por el consumo de tabaco. En Chile, la prevalencia de la EPOC es de 16,9% en mayores de 40 años. En pacientes con EPOC la prevalencia de tabaquismo activo es mayor y se encuentra entre el 29% al 48%. El cese del consumo de tabaco en los pacientes con EPOC es la medida más efectiva para detener la progresión de la enfermedad y lograr beneficios clínicos y espirométricos. El tratamiento de estos pacientes debe ser mixto, en el cual se incluye terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC) y tratamiento farmacológico, por cuanto es más eficaz y con mejor relación costo/efectividad.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem worldwide, caused mainly by tobacco consumption. In Chile, the prevalence of COPD is 16.9% in persons over 40 years of age. In patients with COPD, the prevalence of active smoking is greater and ranges from 29% to 48%. The cessation of smoking in patients with COPD is the most effective measure to stop the progression of the disease and achieve clinical and spirometric benefits. The treatment of these patients should be mixed, which includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacological treatment, because it is more cost-effective.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Smoking/adverse effects , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Smoking/therapy , Chile/epidemiology , Disease Progression
4.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 9(2): 441-450, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-836361

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the opinion of psychiatric patients about the best time to try to quit smoking, which could help them, and knowledge about the dangers of tobacco. Method: An exploratory study done with 96 smokers hospitalized in psychiatry sector. Interviews with open questions and nicotine dependence test. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results: The best time to quit smoking divides opinion: when the mental disorder is controlled; when something important happens, and during hospitalization. For some, it is enough just decide to stop, regardless of time. Patients reported encouraging professionals to continue smoking. Although the harmful effects are known, psychological mechanisms (denial/rationalization) interfere on the decision to stop. Conclusion: The smoking treatment should be integrated with health services and led by a multidisciplinary team, respecting the time of each patient.


Objetivo: Investigar a opinião de pacientes psiquiátricos sobre o melhor momento para tentarem parar de fumar, o que poderia ajudá-los e o conhecimento sobre os malefícios do tabaco. Método: Estudo exploratório com 96 fumantes, internados em psiquiatria. Entrevistas com questões abertas e teste de dependência nicotínica. Estatística descritiva e análise temática. Resultados: O melhor momento para parar de fumar divide opiniões: quando o transtorno mental está controlado, quando algo importante acontece e durante a internação. Para alguns, basta decidir parar, independente de momento. Pacientes relataram o incentivo dos profissionais para continuarem fumando. Embora os malefícios sejam conhecidos, mecanismos psicológicos (negação/racionalização) interferem na decisão de parar. Conclusão: O tratamento do tabagismo deve ser integrado entre os serviços de saúde e conduzido por equipe multiprofissional, respeitando-se o momento de cada paciente.


Objetivo: Investigar la opinión de los pacientes psiquiátricos sobre el mejor momento para dejar de fumar, lo que podría ayudarlos y sus conocimientos sobre los maleficios del tabaco. Método: Estudio exploratorio con 96 fumantes, internados en la psiquiatría. Encuestas y test de dependencia nicotínica. Estadística descriptiva y análisis temático. Resultados: El mejor momento para dejar de fumar divide las opiniones: cuando el trastorno mental está controlado, cuando algo importante ocurre y durante la hospitalización. Para algunos pacientes, es sólo decidir parar. Algunos pacientes fueron incentivados por los profesionales para que siguiesen fumando. Aunque los maleficios sean conocidos, los mecanismos psicológicos (negación/racionalización) interfieren en la decisión de parar de fumar. Conclusión: El tratamiento debe ser integrado entre los servicios de salud y conducidos por el equipo multiprofesional, respeta el momento de cada paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tobacco Use Cessation , Psychiatric Nursing , Smoking/therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/nursing , Brazil
5.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 9(2): 558-565, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-836381

ABSTRACT

Objective: identify how tobacco use among college students is discussed in the literature. Methods: It was performed a systematic review of January 2004 to December 2013. The survey was conducted in the data bases LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO, using the methodology Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: 316 articles were found, 62 met the inclusion criteria, which were most published in Spanish (46.77 %). The distribution of publications about the areas of magazines, in national terms, showed that the overall health and medicine had high participation (19.35% both). For international magazines, the area of medicine stood out with 19.35 %. Conclusion: There are many studies published in the proposed period that address the same issue from different perspectives; however, studies report differences in consumption of these products with regard to gender, protective factors and those that may predispose the emergence of harmful habits.


Objetivo: identificar como o consumo de tabaco entre universitários é abordado na literatura. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2013. A pesquisa foi feita nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO, utilizando-se a metodologia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewsand Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Resultados: De 316 artigos encontrados, 62 atenderam os critérios de inclusão, Sendo a maioria publicada em espanhol (46,77%). A distribuição das publicações quanto às áreas das revistas, em termos nacionais, mostrou que a saúde geral e a medicina tiveram maior participação (19,35% ambas). Para as revistas internacionais, a área de medicina se destacou com 19,35%. Conclusão: Existem muitos estudos publicados no período proposto que abordam a mesma temática sob diferentes perspectivas; contudo, as pesquisas relatam divergências do consumo desses produtos com relação ao sexo, fatores de proteção e aqueles que podem predispor o surgimento de hábitos nocivos.


Objetivo: identificar cómo el consumo de tabaco entre los estudiantes universitarios se discute en la literatura. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de enero de 2004 hasta diciembre de 2013. La encuesta se realizó en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE y SciELO, usando la metodología preferida Los productos para los que informaron sistemáticas Reviews and Los meta-análisis (PRISMA). Resultados: 316 artículos encontrados,62 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Y, lo más publicado en español (46,77%). La distribución de publicaciones sobre las áreas de revistas, en términos nacionales, mostró que el estado general de salud y la medicina tuvieron mayor participación (19,35% ambos). Para revistas internacionales, el área de la medicina se destacó con 19,35%. Conclusión: Hay muchos estudios publicados en el período propuesto que aborda el mismo tema desde diferentes perspectivas; Sin embargo, los estudios informan de diferencias en el consumo de estos productos con respecto al género, los factores de protección y los que pueden predisponer a la aparición de hábitos nocivos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Universities , Students , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/prevention & control , Smoking/therapy , Review Literature as Topic , Brazil
6.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 39(1): 19-28, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846399

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine which individual characteristics of smokers are associated with their adherence to a support group for smoking cessation. Methods: Smokers from Porto Alegre, Brazil, were invited to participate in a support group for smoking cessation consisting of four weekly sessions. Demographic data, smoking history, presence of tobacco-related diseases, severity of nicotine dependence, stage of motivation, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated at baseline. Adherence was defined as attendance at group sessions and was measured at the second and fourth sessions of the program. Results: The study recruited 167 smokers who attended the first meeting and met criteria for admission to the study. One hundred and two of the participants returned to the second session and only 55 of those who attended the first meeting completed the four-week program. For immediate adherence (second session), adult smokers over the age of 35 were more likely to adhere to the treatment (p = 0.004), whereas smoking higher numbers of cigarettes per day was associated with lower adherence to attendance at group meetings (p = 0.031). For final adherence (fourth session), only minimal level symptoms of anxiety were associated with a higher likelihood of adherence (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Older smokers, those who smoked fewer cigarettes per day, and those with lower levels of anxiety exhibited higher rates of adherence to a smoking cessation support group.


Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar quais características individuais de fumantes estão associadas à sua adesão a um grupo de apoio para a cessação do tabagismo. Métodos: Fumantes de Porto Alegre, Brasil, foram convidados a participar de um grupo de apoio para a cessação do tabagismo realizado em quatro reuniões semanais. Dados sociodemográficos, história tabagística, presença de doenças relacionadas ao tabaco, severidade da dependência de nicotina, estágio motivacional e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foram avaliados no início do estudo. Adesão foi definida como estar presente nas reuniões do grupo, e foi medida na segunda e na quarta sessões do programa. Resultados: O estudo recrutou 167 fumantes que compareceram ao primeiro encontro e preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Desses participantes, 102 retornaram para a segunda sessão, e apenas 55 completaram as quatro semanas do programa. Com relação à adesão imediata (segunda sessão), adultos com idade superior a 35 anos mostraram maior probabilidade de aderir ao tratamento (p = 0.004), enquanto um maior número de cigarros por dia foi associado com menor adesão (p = 0.031). Para a adesão final (quarta sessão), apenas um nível mínimo de ansiedade foi associado com maior probabilidade de adesão (p = 0.02). Conclusões: Fumantes mais velhos, que fumavam menos cigarros por dia, e com menores níveis de ansiedade exibiram maiores taxas de adesão ao programa de apoio para a cessação do tabagismo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Self-Help Groups , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Smoking/therapy , Patient Compliance , Smoking Cessation/methods , Anxiety/complications , Anxiety/epidemiology , Self-Help Groups/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Smoking/psychology , Multivariate Analysis , Longitudinal Studies , Age Factors , Patient Compliance/psychology , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Depression/complications , Depression/epidemiology , Developing Countries , Motivation
7.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 8(4): 4942-4948, out.-dez. 2016. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-831429

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify available evidence in the literature on the epidemiological aspects, the approach to the smoker, and therapeutic of nicotine addiction in the population. Method: This is an integrative review carried out in the Health Virtual Library using the following combinations of keywords: “prevalence and smoking,” “dependence and nicotine”, “depression and smoking,” and “smoking cessation.” Results: The results from the sixteen selected articles pointed out: incomplete primary education, low income, early teenage smoking, and higher prevalence and recurrence among women than men. Conclusion: Smoking is more prevalent in women,and women have a higher incidence of relapse after treatment than men. The most widely used therapy was the useof drugs in conjunction with a psychosocial approach and/or cognitive behavioral method. It is necessary to train health professionals to understand the smoking habit as a public health problem to refer individuals to treatment.


Objetivo: Identificar evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos, abordagem do tabagista e terapêutica da dependência da nicotina na população. Método: Trata-se de revisão integrativa realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, com as seguintes associações de palavras chave:“prevalência e tabagismo”, “dependência e nicotina”, “depressão e tabagismo” e “abandono do hábito de fumar”. Resultados: Os resultados dos dezesseis artigos selecionados apontaram: ensino fundamental incompleto, baixa renda, início do tabagismo na adolescência, maior prevalência e recidiva entre mulheres. Conclusão: O tabagismo é mais prevalente em mulheres e estas apresentam maior recidiva após o tratamento. A terapêutica mais utilizada foi o uso conjunto de fármacos com a abordagem psicossocial e/ou método cognitivo comportamental. É necessário capacitar os profissionais de saúde para compreender o tabagismo como problema de saúde pública e encaminhar o usuário para tratamento.


Objetivo: Identificar evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre los aspectos epidemiológicos, abordaje del tabaquista y terapéutica de la dependencia de la nicotina en la población. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora realizada en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, con las siguientes asociaciones de palabras-clave: “prevalencia y tabaquismo”, “dependencia y nicotina”, “depresión y tabaquismo”, y “abandono del hábito de fumar”. Resultados: Los resultados de los dieciséis artículos seleccionados señalaron: enseñanza primaria incompleta, baja renta, inicio del tabaquismo en la adolescencia, mayor prevalencia y recurrencia entre mujeres. Conclusión: El tabaquismo es más frecuente entre mujeres y éstas presentan mayor recurrencia después del tratamiento. La terapéutica más utilizada fue el uso conjunto de fármacos con el abordaje psicosocial y/o método cognitivo comportamental. Es necesario capacitar los profesionales de salud para comprender el tabaquismo como problema de salud pública y encaminar el usuario para tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/therapy , Review Literature as Topic , Tobacco Use Disorder/nursing , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Brazil
8.
s.l; Chile. Ministerio de Salud; jun. 2016. 112 p. [{"_e": "", "_c": "", "_b": "tab", "_a": ""}].
Monography in Spanish | BRISA, LILACS | ID: biblio-833882

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la eficiencia de las estrategias de consejería breve (CB), terapia de reemplazo de la nicotina (TRN) y el uso de medicamentos como el bupropión y la vareniclina. Para \r\nlo cual se plantearon las siguientes preguntas de investigación: Son la consejería breve, la terapia de reemplazo de nicotina en combinación con CB y/o las terapias farmacológicas con vareniclina o bupropión asociadas a CB, intervenciones costo-efectivas en la cesación del hábito tabáquico? Son transferibles los resultados de los estudios que evalúan la costo-efectividad de la consejería breve, terapia de reemplazo de nicotina y/o terapias farmacológicas con vareniclina o bupropión al contexto chileno? Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en MEDLINE y CRD (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination) de estudios publicados entre los años 2004 y 2014, que evaluaran la costo-efectividad de la consejería breve, terapia de reemplazo de la nicotina y terapias farmacológicas con bupropión o vareniclina como estrategias para el cese del hábito tabáquico en población general. Conclusiones: Todas las intervenciones evaluadas fueron costo-efectivas al compararlas con CSA. Las terapias farmacológicas asociadas a CB demostraron ser más costo-efectivas que la CB por sí sola. Vareniclina +CB resultó ser una intervención dominante en relación a sus comparadores.Vareniclina domina todas las otras terapias, por lo que debiera ser considerada como la terapia de elección en fumadores en su primer intento para dejar de fumar. La inclusión de vareniclina asociada a consejería breve en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, reduciría la morbilidad y la mortalidad relacionada con el tabaquismo en Chile, resultando en importantes ahorros económicos en salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Smoking/therapy , Smoking Cessation/methods , Bupropion/therapeutic use , Nicotinic Agonists/therapeutic use , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Costs and Cost Analysis
10.
In. Kalil Filho, Roberto; Fuster, Valetim; Albuquerque, Cícero Piva de. Medicina cardiovascular reduzindo o impacto das doenças / Cardiovascular medicine reducing the impact of diseases. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2016. p.495-509.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-971552
11.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 30(1): e98, 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952051

ABSTRACT

Abstract The purpose of this 24-month study was to identify predictors of smoking cessation in a cohort of smokers with chronic periodontitis, attending a multidisciplinary smoking cessation program. Of the 286 subjects screened, 116 were included and received non-surgical periodontal treatment and smoking cessation therapy, which consisted of lectures, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pharmacotherapy, according to their individual needs. During initial periodontal treatment, dentists actively motivated the study subjects to stop smoking, using motivational interviewing techniques. Further smoking cessation counseling and support were also provided by the dentists, during periodontal maintenance sessions at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Smoking status was assessed by means of a structured questionnaire, and was validated by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. The Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence was used to assess smoking dependence. Of the 61 individuals that remained up to the 24-month examination, 31, 21 and 18 declared that they were not smoking at 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Smoking cessation after 24 months was associated with the male gender (OR = 3.77, 95%CI = 1.16-12.30), baseline CO levels less than 10ppm (OR = 5.81, 95%CI 1.76-19.23), not living or working with another smoker (OR = 7.38, 95%CI 1.76-30.98) and a lower mean Fagerström test score (OR = 5.63, 95%CI 1.55-20.43). We concluded that smoking cessation was associated with demographic, smoking history and cigarette dependence variables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/therapy , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Chronic Periodontitis/etiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Brazil , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Logistic Models , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Treatment Outcome , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Middle Aged
12.
J. bras. pneumol ; 41(5): 433-439, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764570

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate changes in the levels of patient anxiety, depression, motivation, and stress over the course of smoking cessation treatment.Methods: This cohort study involved patients enrolled in a smoking cessation program in Cuiabá, Brazil. We selected patients who completed the program in six months or less (n = 142). Patient evaluations were conducted at enrollment (evaluation 1 [E1]); after 45 days of treatment with medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy (E2); and at the end of the six-month study period (E3). Patients were evaluated with a standardized questionnaire (to collect sociodemographic data and determine smoking status), as well as with the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults. The data were analyzed with the nonparametric Wilcoxon test for paired comparisons. To compare treatment success (smoking cessation) with treatment failure, the test for two proportions was used.Results: Among the 142 patients evaluated, there were improvements, in terms of the levels of anxiety, depression, motivation, and stress, between E1 and E2, as well as between E1 and E3. In addition, treatment success correlated significantly with the levels of motivation and anxiety throughout the study period, whereas it correlated significantly with the level of depression only at E2 and E3.Conclusions: We conclude that there are in fact changes in the levels of patient anxiety, depression, motivation, and stress over the course of smoking cessation treatment. Those changes appear to be more pronounced in patients in whom the treatment succeeded.


Objetivo: Avaliar mudanças nos níveis de ansiedade, depressão, motivação e estresse em pacientes durante o tratamento para a cessação do tabagismo.Métodos: Estudo de coorte com pacientes participantes de um programa de cessação do tabagismo em Cuiabá (MT). Foram selecionados os pacientes que completaram o tratamento em até seis meses (n = 142). As avaliações dos pacientes foram realizadas em três momentos: avaliação inicial (A1), após 45 dias de tratamento com medicação e terapia cognitivo-comportamental (A2) e ao final dos seis meses de duração do estudo (A3). Os pacientes foram avaliados por meio de um questionário padronizado (para coletar dados sociodemográficos e informações sobre o tabagismo) e dos seguintes instrumentos: escala University of Rhode Island Change Assessment, Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp. Os dados foram analisados com o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon para comparações pareadas. Para comparar o sucesso do tratamento (cessação) com a falha do tratamento, foi usado o teste de comparação para duas proporções.Resultados: Entre os 142 pacientes avaliados, houve melhoras nos níveis de ansiedade, depressão, motivação e estresse entre A1 e A2 e entre A1 e A3. Além disso, o sucesso do tratamento correlacionou-se significativamente com os níveis de motivação e ansiedade ao longo de todo o estudo; com o nível de depressão, porém, somente em A2 e A3.Conclusões: Conclui-se que há mudanças nos níveis de ansiedade, depressão, motivação e estresse dos pacientes durante o tratamento para a cessação do tabagismo. Essas mudanças parecem ser maiores em pacientes nos quais o tratamento teve êxito.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anxiety/psychology , Depression/psychology , Motivation , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Smoking/therapy , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Cohort Studies , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychometrics , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Smoking/psychology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
13.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(4): 448-455, ago. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-752867

ABSTRACT

Chronic respiratory disease is the 3rd leading cause of death in Chile and its prevalence is increasing significantly in the world, so it is very common that we find patients with these pathologies undergoing elective surgical procedures. Perioperative complications are more frequent in these patients than in the general population, so it is essential adequate preoperative evaluation and management in them. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major predictor of postoperative complications; therefore preoperative bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids are indicated in patients with this disease who will undergo elective surgery, particularly related to lung cancer. Likewise, COPD patients who will undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) should receive oral or intramuscular corticosteroids preoperatively. Smoking is an independent risk factor for developing postoperative respiratory complications in thoracic surgery, so patients should stop this habit at least 4 weeks before elective surgery in order to significantly reduce such complications. A poorly controlled asthma is a specific risk factor for developing postoperative pulmonary complications, therefore these patients should be treated preoperatively with inhaled bronchodilators exclusive if they have mild asthma, bronchodilators associated with inhaled corticosteroids in the case of a moderate asthma, and inhaled bronchodilators associated to inhaled and oral corticosteroids, if they have severe asthma.


Las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas son la tercera causa de muerte en Chile y su prevalencia está aumentando significativamente en el mundo, por lo cual es muy frecuente que nos encontremos con pacientes con estas patologías sometiéndose a procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos. En estos casos las complicaciones perioperatorias son más frecuentes que en la población general, por lo cual es indispensable una adecuada evaluación y manejo preoperatorio. La presencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un predictor mayor de complicaciones postoperatorias y deben indicarse broncodilatadores y corticoides inhalatorios preoperatorios en pacientes con esta patología que serán sometidos a cirugía electiva, especialmente en la relacionada a cáncer pulmonar. Así mismo, los pacientes con EPOC que se someterán a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica deben recibir además corticoides vía sistémica en el período preoperatorio. El tabaquismo es otro factor de riesgo independiente para desarrollar complicaciones respiratorias postoperatorias en cirugía torácica, por lo que los pacientes deberían suspender el consumo de tabaco por lo menos 4 semanas antes de la cirugía programada con el fin de disminuir significativamente dichas complicaciones. El asma bronquial mal controlada también es un factor de riesgo específico para desarrollar complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias, por lo cual estos pacientes deben tratarse preoperatoriamente con broncodilatadores inhalatorios, asociados a corticoides inhalatorios u orales según la gravedad del asma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy , Preoperative Care , Asthma/therapy , Chronic Disease , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Smoking/therapy
14.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 71(2): 58-60, abr.2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-779163

ABSTRACT

La consejería breve o intervenciones breves, son un conjunto de estrategias efectivas para la cesación, que actúan a nivel conductual y que pueden ser brindadas por cualquier profesional de la salud y que demandan poco tiempo de la práctica clínica asistencial, están basadas en la mejor calidad de evidencia, se encuentran ampliamente difundidas y son recomendadas por numerosas guías de práctica clínica de todo el mundo, su duración estimada es de 2 a 5 minutos por consulta. Puede utilizarse con toda la población fumadora independientemente del sexo, edad, raza y nivel de adicción a la nicotina. Las intervenciones breves están constituidas por 5 componentes fundamentales: 1. Conocer el estatus de fumador, registrarlo en ficha clínica y actualizarlo en cada consulta.2. Realizar consejo anti tabáquico claro.3. Evaluar el nivel de motivación (o etapa de cambio de la dependencia). 4. Elaborar un programa de tratamiento: Fecha de abandono Intervención psicosocial. 5. Seguimiento....


Brief advice or brief interventions are a set of effective strategies for smoking cessation, and acting to behavioral level that can be provided by any health professional and requires little time from the clinical practice. They are based on quality evidence, widely known and recommended by numerous clinical guidelines throughout the world. It should take from 2 to 5 minutes per visit. It can be used with the whole smoking population, regardless their gender, age, race or level of nicotine addiction. Brief interventions consist of 5 fundamental components: 1. Knowing the smoking status, record it on the medical records and update it on every visit. 2. Make a clear advice on smoking cessation 3. Assess the level of motivation (or stage of change of dependency) 4. Design a treatment program: - Date of quitting - Psychosocial intervention 5. Follow up...


Subject(s)
Humans , Behavior Therapy , Counseling , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/therapy , Smoking Cessation
15.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 23(4): 645-654, Dez. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-740694

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever a perspectiva de gestores e profissionais de saúde sobre a seleção e capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para o Programa de Tratamento do Tabagismo do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: estudo descritivo realizado em sete cidades do estado do Paraná, Brasil, em 2012; a amostra incluiu 84 gestores e 118 profissionais de saúde. Resultados: dos 202 gestores e profissionais, a maioria (98 por cento) indicou que todo profissional que tenha demonstrado interesse ou tenha perfil adequado é selecionado para a capacitação; 81,2 por cento dos entrevistados indicaram a capacitação como excelente ou boa, 51 por cento deles estão satisfeitos com a oferta da capacitação, enquanto 64,4 por cento mostraram-se insatisfeitos com o número de profissionais capacitados e 42,1 por cento consideraram o número de profissionais capacitados adequado à demanda dos pacientes. Conclusão: os entrevistados estavam satisfeitos com a capacitação do Programa; contudo, algumas sugestões foram referidas para melhorar a capacitação e a comunicação entre os profissionais...


Objective: to identify the perspectives of health care managers and professionals regarding health care professional selection and training for the Unified Health System (SUS) Tobacco Cessation Program. Methods: this was a descriptive study conducted in seven municipalities in the state of Paraná, Brazil, in 2012. The sample included 84 service managers and 118 health care professionals. Results: the majority of the 202 participants (98 per cent) indicated that health care professionals who demonstrate interest and request participation or have appropriate profile are selected. 81.2 per cent of them indicated that the training is excellent or good, 51 per cent were satisfied with the training available, 64.4 per cent were not satisfied with the number of professionals trained, and 42.1 per cent considered the number of professionals trained met patient demand. Conclusion: the participants are satisfied with the training. However, some suggestions were raised to improve both training and communication among professionals...


OBJETIVO: describir la perspectiva de gestores y profesionales de salud sobre la selección y capacitación de los profesionales de salud para el Programa de Tratamiento del Tabaquismo del Sistema Único de Salud.MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo realizado en siete ciudades del estado de Paraná, Brasil, en 2012; la muestra incluye a 84 gestores y a 118 profesionales de salud.RESULTADOS: de los 202 gestores y profesionales, la mayoría (98%) indicó que todo profesional que haya demostrado interés o tenga un perfil adecuado es seleccionado para la capacitación; 81,20% de los entrevistados indicó la capacitación como excelente o buena, 51% de los mismos están satisfechos con la oferta de capacitación, mientras que 64,4% se declararon insatisfechos con el número de profesionales capacitados y 42,1% consideró el número de profesionales capacitados adecuado a la demanda de los pacientes.CONCLUSIÓN: los entrevistados estaban satisfechos con la capacitación del Programa; sin embargo, algunas sugerencias fueron ofrecidas para mejorar la capacitación y la comunicación entre los profesionales...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smoking/therapy , Professional Training , Tobacco Use Cessation , Epidemiology, Descriptive
16.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 35(5/6): 407-414, may.-jun. 2014. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721525

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe a 10-year proof-of-concept smoking cessation research program evaluating the reach of online health interventions throughout the Americas. METHODS: Recruitment occurred from 2002 - 2011, primarily using Google.com AdWords. Over 6 million smokers from the Americas entered keywords related to smoking cessation; 57 882 smokers (15 912 English speakers and 41 970 Spanish speakers) were recruited into online self-help automated intervention studies. To examine disparities in utilization of methods to quit smoking, cessation aids used by English speakers and Spanish speakers were compared. To determine whether online interventions reduce disparities, abstinence rates were also compared. Finally, the reach of the intervention was illustrated for three large Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas-Argentina, Mexico, and Peru-and the United States of America. RESULTS: Few participants had utilized other methods to stop smoking before coming to the Internet site; most reported using no previous smoking cessation aids: 69.2% of Spanish speakers versus 51.8% of English speakers (P < 0.01). The most used method was nicotine gum, 13.9%. Nicotine dependence levels were similar to those reported for in-person smoking cessation trials. Overall observed quit rate for English speakers was 38.1% and for Spanish speakers, 37.0%; quit rates in which participants with missing data were considered to be smoking were 11.1% and 10.6%, respectively. Neither comparison was significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic use of evidence-based Internet interventions for health problems could have a broad impact throughout the Americas, at little or no cost to individuals or to ministries of health.


OBJETIVO: Describir un programa de investigación de 10 años sobre el abandono del hábito de fumar, en forma de estudio demostrativo preliminar, en el que se evaluó el alcance de las intervenciones de salud en línea en todo el continente americano. MÉTODOS: El período de captación comprendió del año 2002 al 2011, fundamentalmente mediante el programa AdWords de Google. Más de seis millones de fumadores del continente americano introdujeron palabras clave relacionadas con el abandono del hábito de fumar; se captaron 57 882 fumadores (15 912 de habla inglesa y 41 970 de habla hispana) para los estudios de intervención de autoayuda automatizada en línea. Con objeto de analizar las disparidades en la utilización de los métodos para dejar de fumar, se compararon las ayudas para dejar de fumar utilizadas por los fumadores de habla inglesa y de habla hispana. A fin de determinar si las intervenciones en línea reducen las disparidades, también se compararon las tasas de abstinencia. Por último, se ilustró el alcance de la intervención en tres extensos países de habla hispana de la región de las Américas (Argentina, México y Perú) y en los Estados Unidos. RESULTADOS: Fueron pocos los participantes que habían utilizado otros métodos para dejar de fumar antes de entrar en el sitio de internet; la mayor parte de ellos notificaron que no habían utilizado ningún tipo de ayuda para dejar de fumar anteriormente: 69,2% de los hispanoparlantes frente a 51,8% de los angloparlantes (P < 0,01). El método más utilizado fue el chicle de nicotina (13,9%). Los niveles de dependencia de la nicotina fueron similares a los notificados en los estudios presenciales de abandono del hábito de fumar. La tasa global de abandono general observada en los angloparlantes fue de 38,1% y en los hispanoparlantes de 37,0%; las tasas de abandono en los participantes considerados como fumadores por falta de datos fueron de 11,1% y 10,6%, respectivamente. Ninguna de las comparaciones mostró diferencias significativas. CONCLUSIONES: El uso sistemático de intervenciones mediante internet basadas en datos probatorios y dirigidas a problemas de salud podría tener una amplia repercusión en todo el continente americano, con un costo nulo o escaso para las propias personas o los ministerios de salud.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Internet , Smoking Cessation , Smoking/therapy , Argentina , Biomedical Research , Hispanic or Latino , Language , Mexico , Peru , Time Factors
17.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 33(1): 61-69, ene.-mar. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-722959

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: en las últimas décadas se ha incrementado el uso y abuso de drogas psicoactivas en particular en determinados grupos sociales. En Cuba en las últimas décadas se ha observado un incremento de bebedores en individuos de 15 años en adelante y pudiera esperarse que otras drogas tengan un comportamiento similar. OBJETIVO: caracterizar el consumo de drogas psicoactivas en adolescentes y jóvenes adictos tratados en el Centro de Deshabituación de Adolescentes del municipio Playa. MÉTODOS: la muestra estuvo formada por 43 pacientes: adolescentes de 13 a 16 y 17 a 19 años y jóvenes de 20 a 25 y de 26 a 29 años. Se analizaron las historias clínicas para determinar los tipos de drogas que consumían: la droga de inicio y de mantenimiento. Como método empírico se utilizó la encuesta EMTAJOVEN para determinar fumadores. RESULTADOS: se comprobó que el grupo más numeroso de adictos tenían entre 20 y 25 años y que el inicio del consumo fue mayor entre adolescentes de 17 a 19 años. Se comprobó que 36 de los pacientes mostraron policonsumo con dos, tres y más tipos de drogas, con igual comportamiento para ambos géneros. La droga de inicio y de mantenimiento más consumida fue la marihuana seguida por el alcohol. La encuesta EMTAJOVEN reveló un elevado número de fumadores. CONCLUSIONES: entre los adictos predominó la adolescencia tardía como momento de inicio de la drogodependencia, siendo en su mayoría policonsumidores, con la marihuana como la droga de inicio y de mantenimiento más utilizada. Sería recomendable que en el tratamiento de estos pacientes se incluya el abandono del tabaquismo como una medida más en el proceso de deshabituación.


INTRODUCTION: recent decades have witnessed an increase in the use and abuse of psychoactive drugs, particularly by certain social groups. In Cuba the number of alcohol users has risen among people aged 15 years and over, and similar behavior could be expected from the use of other drugs. OBJECTIVE: characterize the use of psychoactive drugs by adolescents and young addicts cared for at the Adolescents' Rehabilitation Center, municipality of Playa. METHODS: the sample was composed of 43 patients: adolescents aged 13-16 and 17-19 and young adults aged 20-25 and 26-29. Their medical records were analyzed to determine the types of drugs they used: initial and maintenance drug. The EMTAJOVEN survey was used as an empirical method to determine smokers. RESULTS: it was found that the largest number of addicts were in the 20-25 age group, and that consumption predominantly started in the 17-19 age bracket. Thirty six patients consumed two, three or more drug types, with similar figures for both sexes. The most common initial and maintenance drug was marijuana, followed by alcohol. The EMTAJOVEN survey revealed a large number of smokers. CONCLUSIONS: late adolescence was found to be the period when drug dependence starts in most cases. Most users consume more than one drug, with marijuana as the most common initial and maintenance drug. It is suggested that treatment include smoking cessation as one more step in the rehabilitation process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Smoking/therapy , Marijuana Abuse/therapy , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Alcoholism/therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Parental Consent , Observational Study , Informed Consent
18.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 35(4): 338-346, Oct-Dec. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697338

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the predictors of smoking cessation treatment outcomes in a sample with a high rate of medical and psychiatric disorders and addictions. Methods: Analysis of predictors of success of a 6-week treatment provided by an addiction care unit (CAPS-AD) to 367 smokers in Brazil from 2007 to 2010. Forty variables were collected at baseline. Success was defined as abstinence from smoking for a period of at least 14 consecutive days, including the last day of treatment. Twenty variables were selected for the logistic regression model. Results: The only condition correlated with successful treatment after logistic regression was smoking one's first cigarette 5 minutes or more after waking (beta = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.11-3.10, p = 0.018). Subjects with hypertension and alcohol use disorders and those who were undergoing psychiatric treatment showed success rates comparable to or greater than the average success rate of the sample (34.2-44.4%). Conclusions: These findings support the importance of the variable time to first cigarette in treatment outcomes for a sample with a high rate of clinical and psychiatric disorders. Good success rates were observed for pharmacological treatment, which was combined with group therapy based on cognitive-behavioral concepts and integrated into ongoing treatment of other addictions and psychiatric disorders. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Smoking/therapy , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Logistic Models , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome
19.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 11(2): 158-162, Apr.-June 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-679257

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how often physicians identify and treat tobacco dependence and whether characteristics as gender, age, marital status, medical specialty and smoking status can influence their attitude towards this question. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 515 physicians working in a private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, using a confidential voluntary questionnaire sent and answered electronically. RESULTS: We found that 89% of physicians who answered the research questionnaire often or always asked their patients about smoking habits, but only 39% often or always treated patients' tobacco dependence. In our sample, 5.8% of individuals were current smokers. Tobacco dependent physicians provided less treatment for smoking dependence compared with those who had never smoked, or were former smokers. Being a clinician was associated with higher probability to treat tobacco dependence. CONCLUSION: Physicians should not only address patients' smoking habits but also provide treatment whenever tobacco dependence is diagnosed. To understand physicians' attitude towards smoking may help to develop strategies to stimulate patients' treatment. The development of smoking cessation programs meant specifically for physicians may also be a strategy to enhance patients' treatment.


OBJETIVO: Observar se os médicos identificam e se tratam o tabagismo de seus pacientes, bem como investigar possíveis associações entre essas práticas e os seguintes fatores: gênero, idade, estado civil, especialidade médica e tabagismo do médico. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 515 médicos atuantes em um hospital particular da cidade de São Paulo, por meio de um questionário confidencial enviado e respondido por e-mail. RESULTADOS: Dentre os médicos, 89% frequentemente ou sempre pergunta se seus pacientes fumam, enquanto apenas 39% respondeu que frequentemente ou sempre trata essa condição. A taxa observada de tabagismo entre os médicos foi de 5,8%. Entre os fatores estudados, observou-se que o tabagismo do médico está associado a menor frequência de tratamento do tabagismo dos pacientes e que ser de especialidade clínica é um fator associado a maior probabilidade de tratar o tabagismo dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Além de identificar o tabagismo dos pacientes, é fundamental que os médicos ofereçam tratamento para essa condição. O conhecimento da atitude dos médicos a respeito da dependência de tabaco pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de estratégias que resultem em aumento da oferta de tratamento aos pacientes. O desenvolvimento de programas de tratamento para médicos tabagistas também pode ser uma medida com impacto positivo na oferta de tratamento aos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Smoking/therapy , Tobacco
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(3): 345-352, mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677343

ABSTRACT

Background: Therapies to quit smoking are based on counseling, psychological therapy (PT), nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenidine. Aim: To report the results of a multidisciplinary program to quit smoking Material and Methods: Patients agedl8years or more, motivated to quit smoking were admitted in a program based in counseling and PT, with or without pharmacological therapy. They were assessed by telephone during one year offollow up. Patients with unstable psychiatric diseases were excluded. Results were considered as "successful" when patients maintained abstinence during the year offollow up. A logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with treatment success. Results: Between 2005 and 2011, 198 patients aged 45 ± 11 years (56% males), who smoked 31.5 ± 20.6 packages/year, were treated. Ofthese, 155 (78%) were treated with varenidine, 26 (13%) with bupropion and 17 (9%>) did not receive pharmacological therapy. One hundred sixty eightpatients completed the year offollow up. In 82 (49%>), treatment was successful and was negatively associated with a history of depression (odds ratio = 4 (95% confidence intervals 1.23-38.33). The main side effeets associated to varenidine and bupropion were nausea in 37 and 23%o, sleep disorders in 20 and 19%o and headache in 12 and 0%>, respectively Conclusions: A multidisciplinary program to quit smoking achieved a 49%> of abstinence during a year offollow up.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Benzazepines/therapeutic use , Bupropion/therapeutic use , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Nicotinic Agonists/therapeutic use , Patient Care Team , Quinoxalines/therapeutic use , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking/therapy , Benzazepines/adverse effects , Bupropion/adverse effects , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nicotinic Agonists/adverse effects , Program Evaluation , Quinoxalines/adverse effects , Socioeconomic Factors , Treatment Outcome
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